Urethral Catheters Essay -- Health, Diseases, Urinary Tract Infection

urethral catheters are small tubes inserted through the urethra to drain urine. Thesedevices are often linked with lofty rates of urinary tract infections (UTI) and are frequently usedin the older population. This contributes to lengthier hospital stays leading to increased checkupcosts. In 2008, the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid operate (CMS) included catheterassociatedbacteriuria (CAB) as one of the preventable hospital-acquired conditions (HAC) thatwill affect reimbursement if contracted by a patient in the acute and long-term setting. This paperfocuses on three best evidence-based makes and nursing strategies to prevent CABs.BackgroundVan Buren is the second largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas (AR)-Oklahoma (OK)metropolitan statistical area and is the county sit of Crawford County, AR. The city of VanBuren has numerous subsystems dedicated to the well-being of the community, which includesone medical facility, five medical clinics, three nursing homes, three ambulanc e services, and theCrawford County Health Department (Yellow Pages, 2010).The medical facility, Summit Medical Center, provides full-service general acute care toapproximately 160,000 residents annually in Crawford, Franklin, and Sebastian Counties in ARand Sequoyah County in OK. The facility has 103 beds, has more than 100 nurses on module, andhas over 140 physicians in the medical clinics (Summit Medical Center, 2011).In 2009, the medical facility emergency department (ED) treated 170 residents fromnursing homes, 70 of which were hospitalized later on examination and treatment in the ED, 58were treated as ED outpatient visits, and 42 were direct hospitalization visits (Summit MedicalCenter, 2011). The majority of... ...See Figure I). The decision head is used as a guide for clinicians inmaking clinical decisions to either continue or discontinue indwelling urethral catheters.ConclusionUrethral catheterization in the older population should be considered as a last optionbecause it can lead to catheter-associated bacteriuria, bloodstream infection, sepsis and death. Itshould not be used for staff convenience, or to manage urinary incontinence manageable by othermeans. CAB is a condition that can be prevented with the application of evidence-based bestpractice strategies. These include criteria for catheter placement and discontinuation, use ofsilver-alloy catheters for short-term catheterization, and limiting bladder irrigation. An algorithmfor urethral catheter insertion, care and removal is used as a tool to servicing prevent CABs andachieve better patient outcomes.

Glory :: essays research papers

Black soldiers were among the bravest of those fighting in the Civil War. Both free Blacks in the Union legions and escaped slaves from the South rushed to fight for their freedom and they fought with distinction in many major Civil War battles. Many face cloths thought Blacks could not be soldiers. They were slaves. They were inferior. Many thought that if Blacks could fight in the war it would make them equal to whites and prove the theory of slavery was wrong. Even though Black soldiers had to face oft discrimination during the Civil War, they were willing to fight to the death for their freedom. In the movie Glory the director focused on the African Americans in the north that fought in the 54th regiment led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. During the time of the Civil War, the African Americans that fought in the 54th regiment were often treated unfairly but on that point were always good people that backed them up. During the Civil War, there were people who were extremely p rejudiced against the 54th regiment because the soldiers were either different colored skin and the people where used to the judgement that different color skinned people worked as slaves. In Glory, Colonel Montgomery, the Sargent that trained and prepared them for war, and the colonel that was in charge of distributing necessities, served as the people who discriminated the African American soldiers. When he was teaching the soldiers how to march, some of them couldnt tell the difference between left and right. He acted as if all African Americans were uneducated and they were hopeless to teach. Shoes were an inbred part of training. Many of the African American soldiers didnt even have decent shoes when they enrolled for the war. Naturally, after all the training, their shoes wore down. If the 54th regiment were composed of white soldiers, the department that passed out shoes would already have prepared extra shoes for them. But since the 54th regiment was composed of all Afric an Americans, the regiment was discriminated and there were no extra shoes for them. The other white generals thought the 54th regiment would never go on a battlefield and even if they did, they probably would all die. Therefore there were no extra resources for them. Another fact that there were some racist sentiments was that the African American soldiers only got a $10 support while the white soldiers got $13.

Mathematics in the Primary School Essay -- education, teaching, learnin

A successful learner in math involves constructing misgiving throughexploration, problem solving, discussion and practical experience and evidentially through ateacher who has a clear grasp of the underlying structure of the mathematics organism taught(Haylock 20103). Analysing my personal journey through mathematics will allow me toexplore if my experiences have influenced my attitudes towards mathematics. Beginning byexploring the ways in which I was taught as a child, examining what framework was used forthe teaching of mathematics, before continuing to explore if education reforms and learningstrategies could have influenced by experiences. Concluding by reflecting on my attitudetowards mathematics as an adult and trainee teacher, discussing how they will affect orinfluence the methods of teaching I will adopt.Entering formal education in 1991 I was taught by means of the revised version ofmathematical national program 1991 (DfE 2013b) brought about by the EducationalReform Ac t 1988.The main two principles of the national curriculum were firstly to ensureall pupils learn and achieve and secondly to promote pupils spiritual, moral, social andcultural development (DES 1987) The basis of therevised curriculum and its associatedtesting was to standardise the heart and soul taught across schools in order to raise standards ofattainment in mathematics. With the introduction of a national curriculum came theintroduction of national tests SATs, programmes of study, attainment targets and levels.This was the framework for my memories of mathematics to be established (DfE 2013a).My early recollections of being taught mathematics are through teacher explanationfollowed by an activity to complete to show you we... ...UtusunOfsted. (2010). Learning yeasty approaches that raise standards. Availablehttp//www.creativitycultureeducation.org/wp-content/uploads/learning-creative-approaches-that-raise-standards-250.pdf.Last accessed 8th Nov 2013.Orton, A (2004). Learning Mathematics Issues, Theory and Classroom Practice. 3rd ed.London Continuum. 49-57.Pound L and Lee T (2011). Teaching Mathematics Creatively. Oxon RoutledgeSkemp, R (2002). Mathematics in the Primary School. 2nd ed. London Taylor and Francis .Stewart, I (2013). The Great Mathematical Problems. London Profile BooksWilliam, P. (2008). Independent refresh of Mathematics Teaching in Early Years Settings andPrimary Schools. Availablehttp//webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https//www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Williams%20Mathematics.pdf.Last accessed 1stNov 2013.

Hamlet †What Makes Polonius Indispensable? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet What Makes Polonius Indispensable? Polonius, father to Laertes and Ophelia in the Shakespearean tr oldeny Hamlet, is vitally important to this play. Without his occasion there would be something seriously lacking. Let us dwell on the lord chamberlain in this essay. In Tragic Alphabet Lawrence Danson explains Polonius white plague of lie-detector acting For the lie-detector use of acting is one we limit much of in Hamlet, and though it shares certain characteristics with Hamlets use of acting, it is decisively not the same. Polonius is the great master of it of using, that is, the indirection or downright falseness of acting to discover a truth. Polonius was in his time an amateur actor himself appropriately, he played Caesar and was killed in the capitol. But we now see Polonius either as a theater critic (and it is a flat sort of criticism he practices, multiplying rigid categories while demanding that he be unploughed entertained), or as a director of Laertes, Rey naldo, Ophelia, Gertrude. To each he recommends the use of seeming in the case of Laertes it is to be nothing short of a life-style, exclusively with the others it is specifically a means for getting at a hidden truth. (83) In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington presents Polonius as similar to Hamlet in various ways Polonius, his Hamlets seeming opposite in so many ways, is, like Hamlet, an inveterate punster. To whom else but Polonius should Hamlet direct the taunt of Words, words, words? The aged counselor recalls that in his youth he suffered much extremity for love, very near this, and he has been an actor at the university. Polonius too has advice for the players Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor genus Plautus too light. When Hamlet jibes at so capital a calf enacting Julius Caesar, killed in the Capitol, he reinforces the parallel to his own playacting and anticipates the slaying of Polonius behind the arras. (4) Polonius innovat ion into the play occurs at the social get-together of the royal court. Claudius has already been crowned Queen Gertrude is there Hamlet is present in the black clothes of mourning. When Laertes approaches Claudius to give his farewell before returning to school, the king asks Polonius Have you your fathers leave? What says Polonius? And the father dutifully answers

Comparing How Advertisements Use Language and Presentation to Persuade

In this capitalist society multitude be persuaded by advertisers to consume products which are not even needed. Companies need people to consume in order for the economy to flourish. People who already have cars which still perform well do not really require the second-stringer of a further angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cars are pretty similar to star another all cars have one principle in their manufacture which is to move from one place to another (transport). The difference which divides the cars in groups is the engine size, colour/finish, gadgetry etc. However, it is these differences which persuade people to consume cars even if there is no need to obtain one. This is the job of companies they sell so called dream cars which have fancy gadgets and fast engines etc to satisfy the aspiration of the reader and persuade them to purchase the cars, even though their present one is in fine condition. People are persuaded because of peer and social pressure which intentionally makes them believe that neighbouring people are laughing at them because of their cheap car. This teaching makes a person reckon that other people are taunting them, which causes people to consume cars which they believe to have a higher standard. This pattern of conduct is constructed by marketing departments. Advertisers look for their target audience for their advertising campaign. These could be male/female, A-class people, or even retired people. The advertisers look at peoples deepest fears and desires which will make the ready hard to resist and they manipulate and take advantage of people with these fears and desires. There are all sorts of media that can be used to persuade ta... ...heir powerful spiritualist which draws on peoples deepest fears and desires. For this reason we must be discerning as consumers and critical of advertisers. There are also implications of such powerful advertising techniques for our soc iety. There are environmental concerns like pollution and stereotypes are reinforced e.g. the MGZS advert is very problematic since it is based on the construct of muscularity and it suggests that men are risk takers (Genetically Modified) and are sexual breeders (Testosterone Fuelled) which is sexist and excludes women from the advert. Similarly in the Lexus RX300 advert stereotypes of rich people are reinforced by presenting luxury and hunting which relates to prosperous people. This excludes large sections of the society, not only women but disabled people, ethnic minorities and so on.

Comparing How Advertisements Use Language and Presentation to Persuade

In this capitalist society people are persuaded by advertisers to consume products which are not even needed. Companies need people to consume in order for the economy to flourish. People who already have cars which still perform well do not really require the replacement of a except one. Cars are pretty similar to one other all cars have one principle in their manufacture which is to move from one place to another (transport). The difference which divides the cars in groups is the engine size, colour/finish, gadgetry etc. However, it is these differences which persuade people to consume cars even if there is no need to purchase one. This is the job of companies they look at so called dream cars which have fancy gadgets and fast engines etc to satisfy the aspiration of the reader and persuade them to purchase the cars, even though their present one is in attractive condition. People are persuaded because of peer and social pressure which intentionally makes them believe that neighbouring people are laughing at them because of their cheap car. This belief makes a someone reckon that other people are taunting them, which causes people to consume cars which they believe to have a higher standard. This pattern of behaviour is constructed by merchandise departments. Advertisers look for their target audience for their advertising campaign. These could be male/female, A-class people, or even retired people. The advertisers look at peoples deepest fears and desires which will make the pitch hard to suffer and they manipulate and take advantage of people with these fears and desires. There are all sorts of media that can be used to persuade ta... ...heir powerful medium which draws on peoples deepest fears and desires. For this condition we must be discerning as consumers and critical of advertisers. There are also implications of such powerful advertising techniques for our society. There are environmen tal concerns desire pollution and stereotypes are reinforced e.g. the MGZS advert is very problematic since it is based on the construct of muscularity and it suggests that men are risk takers (Genetically Modified) and are sexual breeders (Testosterone Fuelled) which is sexist and excludes women from the advert. Similarly in the Lexus RX300 advert stereotypes of rich people are reinforced by presenting luxury and hunting which relates to prosperous people. This excludes large sections of the society, not only women only if disabled people, ethnic minorities and so on.

Managing Motivation in Economy Essay

The firm has had to close quite a few locations, reversing its blowup plans for the first clip since it incorporated. Being that this is uncharted territory for the family, Jim Claussen, vice president for human relations, had been struggling with how to address the issue with employees. As the companys fortunes worsened, he could see that employees were becoming to a greater extent and more disaffected. Their insecurity about their jobs was taking a toll on attitudes. The companys downsizing was big news, and the employees didnt like what they were hearing.Media reports of Morgan-Moes store closings fork out focused on the lack of advance notice or communication from the companys corporate offices, as well as the lack of severance payments for departing employees. In the absence of official learning, rumors and gossip have spread like wildfire among remaining employees. A few mad blogs developed by laid-off employees, like IHateMorganMoe. blogspot. com, have made the morale an d public relations picture even worse. Morgan-Moe is changing in other ship canal as well. The average age of its workforce is increasing rapidly. A couple of factors have contributed to this shift.First, fewer qualified young people argon around because many families have moved south to find jobs. Second, stores have been actively encouraged to hire older workers, such as retirees looking for some supplemental income. bitagers are very receptive to these older workers because they are more mature, miss fewer days of work, and do not have child-care responsibilities. They are also often more qualified than younger workers because they have more experience, sometimes in the managerial or executive ranks. These older workers have been a great asset to the company in troubled times, but they are especially likely to leave if things institute bad.If these older workers start to leave the company, taking their hard-earned experience with them, it seems likely that Morgan-Moe pull up s takes sink deeper toward bankruptcy. The System Claussen wasnt quite sure how to respond to employees sense of hopelessness and fear until a friend gave him a book entitled Mans Search for Meaning. The book was written by a psychologist named Victor Frankl who survived the concentration camps at Auschwitz. Frankl found that those who had a clear sense of purpose, a origin to live, were more likely to persevere in the face of nearly unspeakable suffering.Something about this book, and its advocacy of finding meaning and management as a personal manner to triumph over adversity, really stuck with Claussen. He thought he might be able to apply its lessons to his workforce. He proposed the idea of a new direction for management to the companys executive committee, and they reluctantly agreed to try his suggestions. Over the last 6 months, stores throughout the company have used a performance management system that, as Claussen says, gets people to buy into the idea of performing so t hat they can see some real results in their stores.Its all about seeing that your work serves a broader purpose. I read about how some companies have been sharing store performance discipline with employees to get them to understand what their jobs really mean and participate in making multifariousnesss, and I thought that was something wed be able to do. The HR team came up with vanadium options for the management system. Corporate allowed individual managers to choose the option they thought would work best with their employees so that managers wouldnt feel too much like a rapid change was being forced on them. weapons platform I is opting out of the new idea, continuing to stay the course and providing employees with little to no information or opportunities for participation. Program II tracks employee absence and dotty leave and shares that information with individual employees, giving them feedback about things they can control. Management takes no further action. Program III tracks sales and inventory replacement rates across shifts. As in Program II, information is shared with employees, but without providing employee feedback about absence and sick leave. Program IV, the roughly comprehensive, tracks the same information as Programs II and III.Managers communicate it in weekly brainstorming sessions, during which employees try to determine what they can do stop in the future and make suggestions for improving store performance. Program V gives the idea of brainstorming but doesnt provide employees with information about their appearance or company profits. Since implementing the system, Claussen has spoken with several managers about what motivated them to choose the program they did. Artie Washington, who chose Program IV, said, I want to have my employees input on how to keep the store running smoothly.Everybody worries about his or her job security in this economy. Letting them know whats going on and giving them ways to change things keep s them involved. Betty Alvarez couldnt disagree more. She selected Program I. I would rather have my employees doing their jobs than going to meetings to talk about doing their jobs. Thats what management is for. Michael Ostremski, another proponent of Program I, added, Its okay for the employees to feel a little uncertainif they call in were in the clear, theyll slack off. If they think were in trouble, theyll give up.Cal Martins also questions the consume to provide information to the whole team, but he chose Program II. A person should know where he or she stands in the job, but they dont have to know about everyone else. It creates unnecessary tension. This is somewhat similar to Cindy Angs reason for picking Program V. When we have our brainstorming meetings, I learn what they the employees think is most pressing, not what some spreadsheet says. It gives me a better feel for whats going on in my store. Numbers count, of course, but they dont enjoin you everything.I was al so a little worried that employees would be upset if they saw that we arent performing well. Results to Date Claussen is convinced the most elaborate surgical process (Program IV) is the most effective, but not everyone in the executive committee is won over by his advocacy. Although they have supported the test implementation of the system because it appears to have relatively low costs, others on the committee want to see results. CEO Jean Masterson has asked for a complete breakdown of the performance of the various stores over the quondam(prenominal) 4 years.Shes specially interested in seeing how sales figures and turnover rates have been affected by the new program. The company has been accumulation data in spreadsheets on sales and turnover rates, and it prepared the following report, which also estimates the dollar cost of staff time taken up in each method. These costs are based on the number of hours employees spend working on the program multiplied by their wage rate. Estimates of turnover, profit, and staff time are collected per store. Profit and turnover data include means and standard deviations across locations profit is net of the monthly time cost.Turnover information refers to the percentage of employees who either quit or are terminated in a month. To see if any patterns emerged in managers selection of programs, the company calculated relationships amid program selection and various attributes of the stores. Program I was selected most frequently by the oldest stores and those in the most economically distressed areas. Programs II and III were selected most frequently by stores in urban areas and in areas where the workforce was younger on average. Programs IV and V were selected most frequently in stores in campestral areas, and especially where the workforce is older on average.

The Protagonist Victor in “This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” by Sherman Alexie

original In the very first sentence of Sherman Alexies This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona, you raft assume that the main character, superscript, is facing a hard life. Not only did he lose his job, he also lost his father to a feeling attack the same day. The story tells the journey of master copy and an old friend, doubting Thomas Builds-the-Fire, traveling to Phoenix to pick up his fathers ashes, pickup truck, and money from his savings account. schoolmaster did not have any money and neither did anyone else living on the reservation, Who does have money on a reservation, except the cigarette and fireworks sales-people? (page 275) headmaster has to function to the tribal council for money, but they are also low on funds and can only give him one-hundred dollars. Thomas is considered the towns outcast and he is the only one willing to help superior. Victor goes on to say that he used to be friends with Thomas until they were about fifteen and then Victor turned h is back on him because everyone else thought he was weird. He also talks about their childhood and the memories they share and the fact that Thomas knew about Victors father wanting to leave before it ever happened. Once, when they were seven years old, when Victors father still lived with the family, Thomas closed his eyeb totally and told Victor this story Your fathers heart is weak. He is afraid of his own family. He is afraid of you. (page 275). Thomas ends up giving Victor the bide of the money he needs, but only if Victor allows Thomas to go along. The author never really gives any physical traits, but you know he is an Indian, does not have a lot of money, just lost his father, and lives on a reservation.The author does not specially tell you how old Victor is. on that point is no mention of any other family besides his mother, and the rest of his family didnt have any use at all for him. (page 275) Even though Victors father did not play a big part in his life, there st ill was a genetic disquiet, which was soon to be pain as real and immediate and a broken bone. (page 275) Victor is a dynamic and round character because he slowly begins to change passim the story. Victor is continuously complaining about Thomas or making fun of him.When they are on the plane and Thomas is talking to the gymnast, Victor was ready to get across out of the plane. Thomas, that crazy Indian storyteller with ratty old braids and broken teeth (page 278) I think that Victor is somewhat ashamed of his Native American background because he did not want to turn out like Thomas. Throughout the course of their trip, Victor begins to accept Thomas and understand him more. When Victor agrees to hark to just one of Thomas stories, Just one time when Im telling a story somewhere, why dont you relinquish and listen?Thomas asked. Victor waved his arms to let Thomas know that the deal was good, (page 282) the reader begins to see the new, more accepting Victor. The old Victor w ould be too afraid of what others were thinking about him to stop and listen to Thomas tell a story, but now he accepts who he is and also who his full cousin Thomas is. Victor was quiet for a long time. He searched his mind for memories of his father, found the good ones, found a few bad ones, added it all up, and smiled. This is other turning point in the story because this is where Victor finally accepts his relationship with his father and is at peace. This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona shows the true value of friendship. In the later part of their relationship, Victor was a really bad friend to Thomas, but Thomas has been there for Victor so many times throughout their childhood, and even now that they are adults. Although Thomas was not physically by Victors side, he was there the whole time waiting to travel along to Victors rescue.The story goes back and forth to show how Victor and Thomas were once friends. Thomas even made a deal with Victors father to watch over Victor, But he said I had to watch out for you as part of the deal. (page 279) Victor is in debt to Thomas and even gives him some of his fathers ashes. By the end of the story, Victor finally realized the true meaning of friendship with his own cousin Thomas, and that all those other guys that made fun of him for being friends with Thomas when they were children were not true friends.At the end of the story Victor realizes how hurtful he has been to Thomas when in world Thomas was the only one who stood by Victors side and in return all Thomas had ever wanted from his whole life, (page 282) was for soul to just stop and listen to him tell one of his stories. I think Victor became a man at the end of the story. He finally intimate to accept Thomas, his relationship with his father, and his Native American heritage.

Cyclical Political Theory Essay

Personally, I subscribe to the opinion that what we have in this world is a necessary connection between things. Technically, something can non come out of nothing. Actions are interrelated and whether we accept it or not, they overlap. Thus, I accept George Modelskis present in his cyclical political theory. However for me, this teaching is not only limited to only political events but all areas of life. In the case of World War I and World War II, I hold the position that both of them are not 2 separate political events. Why do I hold this claim?The truth is that if we grimace at both events critically, one would see that both wars are one and the same, only that it was fought in different locations and at different years. I provide the reasons for my position below. To begin with, the issues that surrounded the war are one and the same. The Germans wanted to dominate Europe and knew that to achieve this, they had to root out some other powerful nations interchangeable France , Britain, Russia and America. The German leaders also felt threatened by the expansion of Russia and wanted to root them out before they could overshadow the Germans.Furthermore, both of them were between colonial Lords. Apart from this, both wars was a scenario where the good guys are trying to stop the pitiful guys the Allies being the good guys while Germany and their alliance being the bad guys. In both wars, we see elements of ideological propagation where one party wanted to feed their ideas to the other party. Summarily, I believe that the world war two was just a way of bringing what could have been brought to an end in World War I to an end.It involved the same set of people who were shinny for the same cause and wanted to achieve the same results.Reference Microsoft Encarta Dictionary 2008, World War I. Colby University Website, German Responsibility for the Outbreak of the War Retrieved rattling(a) 5, 2008 from http//www. colby. edu/personal/r/rmscheck/GermanyC1. html Daniel Pipes, Similarities in treason during World War II, the Cold War, and now Retrieved from http//www. danielpipes. org/comments/11660 August 5

Health and Social Care Essay

P1. EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A HEALTH OR societal CARE ORGANISATION. The aim of the transcription (red hut day nursery) was to carry out high standards of care from children age from 3 months to 5 yrs old. Whilst following the curriculum guidelines of primeval years foundation. The role of the plaque was to care for children within their responsibilities whilst the Childs parents or carer has left them in the organization care. Policies such as ensure every child is act fairly and equally depending on that Childs needs in order for their needs to be meet , was expected of all staff members to conduct themselves in such away . the role of each staff member was to ensure that health and safety measure where up to scratch for instant making sure frizzy , hot , dangerous objects where out of reach of the children , picking objects off the floor to avoid any one tripping over , undressing spillages up etc . the procedures of the organization ( red hut day nursery ) w as that all staff members interact and conduct themselves in a friendly manor so the children would feel relaxed and not intimidated without their parents present, making the nursery a pleasant place to be for the childrenMy roles and responsibilities within the organization was to interact with the children to making the Childs time whilst in care of the organization pleasant and of high quality of care adverting the child to the toilet if needed , changing nappies , whipping the Childs nose if needed etc , maintaining health and safety measures to minimize the pretend of any incidents occurring. my other responsibilities where to help the children prepare for meal times by occupying a number of children at a time on the carpet with a game or activity whilst a few children at a time take it in turns to wash their hands before eating . record any incidents that occur.Description of services usersServices users such as parents who both work and need some one to look after their ch ild professionally whilst they work, or a parent who wishes for their child to further their development by enrolling them to the organization which will help them to learn new skills whilst interacting with other children and building up their independence.Links with other organizations/servicesLink services available through the organization is after school club which takes on children of school age up until the age of 8 this services provides parents extra time to work or carry out every day needs to support their families . The services runs from 3pm to 6.30pm where a member of the group will collect pupils from school and bring them into the care of the organization where they will be given a meal and after interact in activities until their parents collect them. the organization also has a breakfast class which runs of the same basis as the after school club but rather of picking up the child the parents drop the child off between 8am and 9pm where the child will receive a b reakfast cereal or fuddle and once it is time for their school to start they are escorted to the school.P2/M1.report on own contributions to a specific team activity relating to health and social care . side by side(p) policies and procedures the childrens toys and equipment must be regularly cleaned to maintain hygiene, therefore in a team we had to gather all the childrens toys that were outside in the tend whilst at the same time watch over the children as they played in the garden we took it in turns to watch the children and clean the toys. I help to assist the children as they played in the garden ensuring that they wasnt interfering with the toys as they being cleaned and staying within the play area and not at harm , accordingly rotated with other team member to wash the toys and put them back into place . My contributions to the team whilst conducting the activity was using my skills as working as a team player to complete a task and taking it in turns to keep watch on the children as well as help to clean toys.My contribution help to minimize risk of children interfering with the toys as they were being washed which could of lead to a child slipping in the water and . overall My contributions to the team on a whole enable the task to be completed smoothly without any complications as I interacted with children in playing games parcel the on the slides ect to avoid any hazards whilst playing or the children interfering with the toys as they where being washed which as a result could lead to an accident . my contributions help team sprit as we took it in turns at both interacting with the children and cleaning the toys to ensure fairness in the task as well as team work which help us to complete the task successfully without any problems . My contribution to the team also enables the task to be completed quicker than if a single person was to complete the task. D1. Make recommendations as to how you could have adapted your own contribution to th e team to enhance the success of the activity .

Articles of Confederation Essay

When the Revolutionary War was over and the Americans had won their independence, the revolutionists and republicans leading the crude country were quite convinced that their government should differ from that of Britain and have a exceptional amount of index. Clearly, these men took these ideals more seriously than they should have. They created a constitution for the 13 states kn suffer as the Articles of Confederation, which put the majority of power in the hands of these case-by-case states. They were adopted in 1777 after the war and enacted in 1781. The Articles of Confederation were quite a success pertaining to western lands, but proved unbeneficial for the economy of our new country. once the war was over, many Americans hoped to expand in the west, and they could successfully do so under the Articles of Confederation through the northwest formulas and the Treaty of Paris, which trip direct the size of the new country. For example, the principle of 1784 divided the We stern territory into self-governing districts that could each make a constitution and petition Congress for statehood after certain requirements were completed. The Ordinance of 1785 that followed created a system of rules that allowed the land to be surveyed and sold to the public.The greatest accomplishment pertaining to western lands and the Articles of Confederation was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, as it created one Northwest Territory and solved the caper caused by the ordinance of 1785, land speculation. This ordinance also brought stability and organization to the process of western settlement and built the framework for settlement in the Northwest Territory. These enactments also proved beneficial to the ideal citizen of the time, the yeomen farmer. In the area of western lands and settlement, the Articles of Confederation were quite successful.When politicians realizeed to create the Articles, it is quite evident how afraid twain they and the American pack were of the government having too much power like that which they suffered under Great Britain. So, they made sure this wouldnt happen by free the government truly little power over the citizens, also giving the states the power to create their accept constitutions, have their own forms of executive and legislature, and cointheir own money. This proved terrible for the economy of the new country, for it was already in an enormous post-war debt. Congress could not enforce laws, regulate interstate trade (resulting in versatile tariffs between the states), or tax people directly, and the only way to change any of these rules was if all states approved of such a change.Each state had its own currency, causing havoc for trade in a country that was already forced to borrow money from others. Some states such as Massachusetts issued very high taxes, trying to collect specie even from the war veterans and farmers who could not be paid due to Congresss inability to tax people directly, ending u p in tragedy such as Shays Rebellion. This led to fears of anarchy and a mobocracy. The state governments and Congress were forced to print a gigantic amount of paper money, leading to the worst inflation in U.S. history between 1778 and 1783. Americas trade deficit was also astoundingly high during this head of time. It is very evident that the U.S. economy suffered under the Articles of Confederation.It is also safe to say that the Articles had both their successes and failures in each of their aspects. For example, the Ordinance of 1785 resulted in the problem known as land speculation, which occurred when the land of people such as yeomen farmers was foreclosed, benefitting merchants and the rest of the gentry as they bought the land to make their own profits. Although this problem was eliminated through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, this newer enactment caused a big problem with the Native Americans living in the Western lands, even though the law specified that their land would not be taken from them and they would be treated with the upmost, good faith.And, throughout all of this the British were still residing in the Ohio River Valley, causing more havoc. Although there were no shorthand benefits in the economic status of the country under the Articles of Confederation, the only benefit overall was the tragedy itself The repeated economic failures under the Articles heavily impacted the Constitutional radiation pattern of 1787 and the need for a new Constitution.Though the Articles of Confederation can be called a failure, they were very commendable. The Americans were a new people who fought for their freedom and created a new government from scratch with both its successes andfailures, just like any other country. Throughout their creation of the Articles and even the later modified version, the U.S. Constitution, the Americans stuck with their belief that the majority of power belonged to the people even though they learned that the government needs power as well in order to regulate and ensure the success of America. The Articles led to what would be the Northwest part of the nation, and can be forgiven for their failure on the economic conditions as they enticed people such as James Madison to gather and improve the constitution.

Absenteeism, Causes and Effects Essay

I. Meaning Absenteeism is the term generally used to refer to unscheduled employee absences from the rifle. Many causes of absenteeism atomic number 18 legitimate, for example own(prenominal) illness or family issues, but absenteeism in any case can often be traced to other factors such as a poor ladder environment or engagementers who atomic number 18 not committed to their jobs. If such absences become excessive, they can have a seriously adverse impact on a businesss operations and, ultimately, its profitability. The churn Department in India defined the absenteeism consider as the total man-shifts lost because of absences as a percentage of the total number of man-shifts scheduled. So for calculation of the treasure of the absenteeism we require the number of persons scheduled to work and the number actually present.II .Causes of the absenteeismThe rate of the absenteeism in Indian industries is very high and cannot be dismissed. A Statistical study of absenteeism of Indian Labour observed that, the basic cause of absenteeism in India is that industrial worker is still part- cadence peasant. Thus the workers go to find jobs at cities after the harvesting their crops. It means that when the transplanting season. These workers consider to the modern industrialism is insecure. Thus, cause to high rate of the absenteeism in the industrial sector. According to the Labour probe Committee (1946), there were many reasons that caused the absenteeism of the industrial workers. The charge pointed out many factors which caused the absenteeism in Indian industries. These factors are1. Sickness and low vitality The deputation pointed out that sickness is most authoritative responsible for absenteeism in almost of the in Industrial sector. Epidemics like cholera, small-pox and malaria always break out in puckish from in most industrial areas. The low vitality of the Indian workers makes them easy prey to such epidemics and bad housing and unsanitary condit ions of living aggravate the trouble. However, the Commission has been noticed that the rate of absenteeism among the female workers is higher than their male counterparts.2. Means of Transport The Commission besides stated that the transport facilities also play very important to contribute the absenteeism of the worker in the industries. It has been pointed out that, the rate of absenteeism is higher in those factories where transport facilities are not easily available as compared to those where such facilities are easily available or provided by the factory itself. 3. Hours of work The long hours of work also allude the workers efficiency and consequently their sickness rate and absenteeism rate are increased.4. Nightshift It has also been pointed out that there is a greater percentage of absenteeism during the nightshifts than in the dayshifts, owing to the greater discomforts of work during the night-time.5. Rural exodus The committee also pointed out that probably the most predominant cause of absenteeism is the frequent urge of rural exodus. It has been noticed that the workers go back to their villages at the time of harvesting and sowing the crops. It increases the rate of absenteeism in factories.6. Accident Industrial accident depends upon the nature of work to be performed by the worker and his ability for doing that work. In case of hazardous nature of job, the accidents descend more frequently which lead to higher rate of absenteeism.7. Social and religious Function it has been noticed that workers become absent form their duty on make of social and religious functions. Since the workers like to join their families on such occasions, they go back to their villages for like to join short periods.8. Drinking and amusement the Labour Investigation committee pointed out that drinking and amusements are also responsible for absenteeism. Since drinking and amusements in the late hours of night make it difficult for the workers to reach in time on their duties. They like to become absent rather than late since they know that badli workers will be substituted for them, if they are late.9.After Pay-Day the Labour Investigation committee also famed the level of absenteeism is comparatively high immediately after the turn over-day because they get their wages, they get hold like having a good time or return to their villages to make purchases for the family and to collide with them, so the absenteeism is high after they got paid.10. Nature of work the absenteeism rate is also affected by the nature of work. According to Prof. William pointed out that absenteeism prevails because workers are not habituated to the factory life and factory discipline. In other words, absenteeism prevails because the nature of work in factories is different from that for which the worker is accustomed. So when they come to work in the factory, they feel strange, this new situation make them uncomfortable, so lead to high rate of absenteeism of t he industrial workers.11. Other causes The above factor which are caused the absenteeism in the Industrial which are pointed out briefly by the Labour Commission. However, there can be tow other factors which caused the absenteeism in industrial sector.These factors are a) personal Factors and b) workplace factors.A. private factor The personal factor also divided into other sub-factors, these arei. Personal Attitude there are different attitude of employees. The Employees with strong workplace ethics will respect their work and appreciate the contribution they make to their companies. Such employees will not engage themselves in victorious unscheduled off. On the other hand, employees with very low or no work ethics are indiscipline and have lot of integrity and behavioural issues. Since, they feel no obligation towards the company, absenteeism comes easily to them.ii. Age The younger employees are often restless. They want to spend time with their friends and have fun, rather t han being tied down with work responsibility. This lack of ownership often leads them to take unauthorized time off. With age, people gain experience and maturity, which makes them focused and responsible. Their approach is rather professional and they prefer to flag to their chairs to get the work done. If ever they are found absent, then it could be due to sickness.iii .Seniority Employees, who have been with the company for a long time are well-adjusted with the working culture and the job, therefore, they find no reason to be absent without permission. On the other hand, new hires are more prone to taking ad hoc breaks to unwind themselves. iv. Gender Women generally do a balancing act by shuffling their time between home and work. Family, being their inaugural priority, they dont think twice before taking a step towards absenteeism.B. Workplace Factorsi. Stress The pressure at work sometimes takes a toll on the employees. This results in increased levels of stress. The employ ees then resort to excuses that can help them stay away from work.ii. Work Routine Doing the same job everyplace a period of time can get monotonous. The employees find the job functions boring. They rather choose time off to do something interesting than come to work.iii. work Satisfaction If employees do not find their job challenging, dissatisfaction creeps in. That leads to more absenteeism in the workplace.III. Effect of absenteeism The effects of the absenteeism of the workers in the factories adversely effect to the employers, the cost of proceeds of the factory is increased because of the absent of the workers, by employed extra temporary staffs in order to replace the absentee. The effects of absenteeism in the workplace are outright proportionate to decreased productivity. The company, eventually, is trying to cover up the direct and indirect cost involved to hire temporary staff, and pay employees for overtime.So the cost of the fruit of the company is increased as t he result they increase the price of the commodity, so the consumers have to pay high price for the commodities.. However, the workers themselves also effect of the absenteeism because their income is reduced agree to the principle of no work no pay, as the result their standard of live decreased. Thus, absenteeism adversely affects the employers and the workers, and consumers and ultimately , it can be adverse affect to the growth of the economy in the country. so all these give rises to many industrial labour and social problems.IV. Method to remedy the absenteeism As regard to the saloon to be adopted to remove the absenteeism, the Bombay Textile Labour Enquiry committee stated that the proper conditions of work in the factory, adequate wages, protection from accident and sickness, and facilities for obtaining set forth for rest and recuperation constitute the most effective means of reducing absenteeism. The Labour investigation committee, agreed with the above view, stated t hat the excessive fatigue and sweated conditions of work are bound to create a defence mechanism in the worker and if adding results are to be obtained, the best policy would be to improve conditions of work and life for the workers and make them feel contented and happy.Therefore, the Committee suggested that the most effective way of dealing with absenteeism is to provide holiday with pay or even without pay and permit workers to attend their private affairs occasionally and thus regularise absenteeism instead of merely taking disciplinary actions for it . Provision of suitable housing facilities in industrial towns should also go a long way in improving attendance. Besides, the above provisions a sense of responsibility towards industry should be created among the workers through proper education and training. The workers participation in the management of industry, introduction of an incentive wage scheme and linking wages and bonus with production may also prove very helpful in checking the rate of absenteeism.

Explain How External Environment Influence Essay

External environment aims to help an organisation to obtain opportunities and threats that will affect the organisations agonistic situation. External opportunities argon characteristics of the external environment that have the electromotive force to help the fundamental law achieve or exceed its strategic goals. External threats are characteristics of the external environment that whitethorn prevent the organization from achieving its strategic goals. Therefore, organisations must formulate appropriate strategies to take advantage of the opportunities while overcome the threats in tell to achieve their strategic goals.The external environment consists of vari ables that are outside the organization and non typically within the short-run control of top management. They may be general compacts within the macro or extraneous environment, which consists of political-legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological forces usually called PEST. Political-legal force influences dod ge reflection through government and law intervention. For exemplar, the environment law requires the worlds automobile manufacturers to reduce sack of green house gasses, and therefore these manufacturers have to reformulate their product strategy.Economic force influences strategy formulation through economic growth, interest evaluate, ex potpourri rates and the inflation rate. For example, ex transplant rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy, and thus influence strategy formulation of exporters. Socio-cultural force is about the cultural aspects, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social-cultural factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates.For example, increasing health consciousness stinkpot influence strategy formulation of fast-food companies that may have to adopt product innovation strategy. Techn ological factors let in technological aspects such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. For example, rapid outgrowth of the information technology has significantly influenced the strategy formulation of logistics service providers who are now able to provide superior express run.There may be ad hoc forces within the micro or confining environment, which involves analyzing the threat from the newborn entrant, rivalry among the active players, pressure from the buyers, pressure from the suppliers and pressure from the substitutes. This is introduced in Porters Five-Forces Model. Profitable markets that yield high returns will decoy new firms which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the manufacturing unless the penetration of new firms can be blocked by incumbents. The existing firms therefore need to formulate new strategies against potential entrants.For most industries, the intensity of competitive riv alry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. For example, high intensity of competitive rivalry in the automobile industry forces competitors such as Ford, Honda, to form strategic alliances or adopts the strategy of MA. The bargaining power of buyers is the ability of customers to move the firm under pressure. For example, strong bargaining power of buyers in the computer industry put Dell under pressure. To deal with such pressure, Dell has to revolve around on relationship marketing strategy by offering value-added services to its customers.The bargaining power of suppliers is in any case described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or charge excessively high prices for unique resources such as Microsoft software and Intel chips which affects the formulation of price strategy of PC makers. The existence of products outside of the realm of the crude product boundaries increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives.In order to retain customers, companies must formulate appropriate strategies to compete with the substitutes. For example, milk producers compete with soy milk producers. However, strategy formulation is also influenced by the degree of turbulence of the external environment. A high degree of turbulence exists if changeability is high and predictability is low. Companies need to formulate strategies ground on the planned prescriptive approach if turbulence is low, whereas based on the unplanned emergent approach if turbulence is high.How organizations overcome environmental changes? Organisations need to deal with environmental changes with appropriate strategies. First, organisations may choose to wait and see. Such strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, facing a significant technologi cal change, some companies may choose to integrate the new technology into their products. If they are successful, the rest companies wait and see strategy is obviously unwise. However, if they failed, the rest companies wait and see strategy appears wise.As a result, strategic decision making is impacted on and opportunities may either be lost or capitalised on. Second, organisations may choose to change in response to environmental changes through either proactive or reactive. Proactive change involves actively attempting to make alterations to the work place and its practices. Companies that take a proactive approach to change are often trying to avoid a potential future threat or to capitalize on a potential future opportunity.Reactive change occurs when an organization makes changes in its practices after some threat or opportunity has already occurred in the external environment. As an example of the difference, assume that a hotel executive learns about the increase in the nu mber of Malaysians who want to travel with their pets. The hotel executive constructs a plan to reserve certain live in many hotel locations for travelers with pets and to advertise this new amenity, even before travelers begin asking about such accommodations. This would be a proactive response to change because it was made in anticipation of customer demand.However, a reactive approach to change would occur if hotel executives had waited to enact such a change until many hotel managers had reliable repeated requests from guests to accommodate their pets and were denied rooms. In reality, companies may use a combination of both proactive and reactive approaches. Proactive approach is highly common when an industry is new with little or no change. The bellwether company entering the industry is making all of the strategic decisions or being proactive. However, because of its success, competitors gradually enter the market, resulting in the turbulent change of the competitive envi ronment.Consequently, the reactive change is on the part of the new competitors as well as the bellwether company. To overcome environmental changes, companies may also choose the fusion or acquisition strategy. A merger is defined as the joining of two or more organizations to constitute a new combined, legal entity. An acquisition is defined as the purchase of more than 50 percent of the voting shares of one organization by another, but the two organizations are still separate legal entities with the acquiring organization running as the parent company and another as a subsidiary.For example, recent study discloses that the merger and acquisition strategy in the global automobile industry will be further enhanced in the near future in order to deal with the threat of global financial crisis which decreased the consumers disposable income and increased the debt of auto makers and suppliers that have to save their organisations through merger and acquisition Ddiscuss the importance of organisational assimilation in strategy implementationOrganisational nicety can be defined as the system of shared beliefs and values that guide and direct the behaviour of members, can have a strong influence on daily organisational behaviour and performance. (1) Reflection to lead Successful strategy implementation needs strategic leadership. strategic leadership is the ability of influencing others to voluntarily make decisions that enhance prospects for the organisations long-term success while maintaining short-term financial stability.It includes determining the firms strategic direction, aligning the firms strategy with its culture, modelling and communicating high ethical standards, and initiating, shaping and implementing changes in the firms strategy, when necessary. Strategic leadership sets the firms direction by developing and communicating a vision of future and inspires the organizations members to move in that direction. (2) Enable to create mission & vision The vision is the source and the main idea of a company. The mission aims to give the direction which presents the unique scope of business, its vision nd specific competence & competitive advantages, and to tell employees, consumers, and shareholder what the firm is. For example, IBMs vision is solutions for a small planet. Mission is At IBM, we strive to lead in the invention, development and manufacture of the industrys most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, software, storage systems and microelectronics. Create a shared vision to manage strategic change objectives and vision of both individuals and organization should coincide. There should be no conflict between them.Senior managers need to constantly and consistently communicate the vision not only to inform but also to overcome resistance through proper communication. Strategy implementers have to convince all those concerned that the change is not superficial. The actions taken have to be credibl e, highly visible and unmistakably indicative of managements seriousness to new strategic initiatives and associated changes. (3) Help to create a better strategy (4) Staff motivation Strategy implementation requires special motivation to achieve objectives.The motivation system functions according to the qualities and mechanisms of motivation, which is developed during the stage of entry strategy preparation. First and foremost, this system has to inspire employees involved in the process of strategy development and implementation to orient their mindset toward a strategic federal agency of thinking. Formalizing the strategic motivation system includes establishing a system of daily incentives for employees, especially those who are responsible for strategy development and implementation.The formal system is presented in a document, where all suggestions about motivation and incentives are developed and described. It includes all moral, social, and financial instruments of motivat ion of individual employees and groups of employees. Special recognition and awards should be given to those who go in a higher place and beyond in creating and implementing strategic ideas. (5) Increase or enhance adaptability skills How to use organisation culture to develop competitive advantages 1. Develop CA An organization that is able to maintain a positive culture is likely to enjoy many benefits.When organization members identify with the culture, the work environment tends to be more enjoyable, which boosts morale. This leads to increased levels of teamwork, share-out of information, and openness to new ideas. The resulting increased interaction among employees activates learning and continuous improvement because information flows more freely throughout the organization. Additionally, such a culture helps to pass and retain top employees. For example, Wal-Marts founder, surface-to-air missile Walton, showed concern and respect for his employees from the companys incepti on.This created an environment of trust that persists to this day. Walton also modeled the behavior that he in demand(p) from his employees, especially customer service (both to internal and external customers), by visiting his stores, meeting customers, and greeting employees by their first names. Walton also embraced and encouraged change in order to remain competitive, and developed employees by having them work in a variety of positions. Wal-Mart considers its culture the key to its success, and to this day employees continue to think about how Sam would have done it when making decisions. 2.Proactive reactive Todays globally-competitive business environment has made a positive corporate culture a critical aspect of success for firms. No longer just a competitive advantage, it has become a prerequisite for success, allowing companies to attract and retain top employees. Therefore, where the culture is serving to lower morale, it is recommended that management take proactive ra ther than reactive steps to change the corporate culture using a top-down approach, establishing a new vision and demonstrating new behavior consistent with the revised vision. 2. Ability to change 3. Strong learning curve

Respecting the environment Essay

Respected Principal and teachers, my dear friends.Assalaam alaikumToday I am going to talk about Respecting the milieu. When we talk about the environment we mean everything in the knowledge base around us that surrounds and affects alone vitality on earth, including the air, food chains, the water cycle, plants, animals and other humans. The oxygen we give off comes from our environment,We get water from the rain which fills our wells and sea,We get food from the plants, animals, fish and birds.We get shelter from the materials we hold up out of the earth and from plants that grow in the earth to make our homes. We get warmth from the sun, fire, electricity and our clothing, these all come from our planet. The planet we call mother earth. Today the human population has grown to nearly 7 billion. The main reason our environment is changing is because people are adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, which is released whe never people burn fossil fuels to do everyday activities like driving cars, and do electricity. When greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere, they cause the Earth to heat up, making our planet warmer. As a result the air we breathe gets polluted and too hot for plants and animals to survive.Our planet is changing. We need to sustain it change for the better and Im asking for your sponsor to do that. A very innocent thing you can do is to use less plastic bags. Plastic is very harmful for environment- at once we use it, it will be thrown away it then goes to the waste collection centre where it takes 500-1000 or to a greater extent years for it be completely destroyed. Some people throw it to the ocean- when turtles eats it thinking its jellyfish, it kills them. It takes a lot of money and energy to destroy plastic bags, therefore, instead of plastic bags, choose to use piece of music bags. What else can we do?We can plant more trees. Trees are extremely important to human life on earth. Trees give us food, produces oxygen and help us to survive. But today people turf out down trees to make room for new building, roads and cities. Trees are used to make newspapers, computer paper, furniture, houses and many other products. If we love planting trees instead of destroying it we could contribute in saving the environment. Did you know that planting trees help to make the ground stronger- Many islands of Maldives have weak land if we plant more trees, we could make it islands from getting completely eroded. Another very important thing we can do to help save our environment is to use less electricity. The aboveboardst thing is to remember to turn the lights off when you leave a room unconstipated if youre not using it, leaving something plugged in takes up energy from the Earth yet Water. Water is life. Without water we cannot survive.Something as simple as turning off the water while brush your teeth makes a HUGE difference for Planet Earth. Doin g this one thing can help save up to 25 gallons of water each month By just doing such a simple thing, you are doing a huge part to save Earth Keep Your School Free of Garbage. The more we keep our Earth clean the happier it will be. Do your part by making sure you dresst leave your scraps lying around put it in the recycling or garbage where it belongs. Today I ask you, my dear friends to do your part to protect our environment. I ask you, my friends to be the superheroes who will protect our planet by .because I believe if the environment is safewe are safe. convey you

A Humorous Incident in My Life

When I was 7 years hoary my bring and I were grocery shopping when we passed a lady in one of the aisles and she began talking to my female parent. They were so much engrossed with the talk to the extent that I did sleep off while standing, patiently wait for the protrudemingly unending conversation.Suddenly I woke up in a nearby hospital surrounded by a revivify and other medical personnel. I asked e realone of my moms where about. Whispering softly mother Mother Mother No one cares to listen to me though I knew I was really conscious.I overheard the doctor phoning the attention of the nearest attendance van at a psychiatry centre. Effort to explain the myself was sub gradientd by an intimidating team of medical practitioners. I kept mute for the whole of physical and consciousness question taken by the leader of the team. The bruise on my head was diagnosed as a result of a fatal trauma to the skull following a ghastly collision with a racing vehicle. I could see the gorgin g blood except I apparently felt little pain.Then I began to sense I was in a strange world. A world with little pain, huge care around but the inquisitiveness wickedly abducts my mother and her old friend who she was earlier conversing with. Meanwhile, the fear of the unknown enveloped my whole, thinking I may die the next few minutes if the bleeding continues.Suddenly I felt a jerky fulfill from behind. I woke into the noisy market down town. Oh What a scary adventure in a encompassing day light. I could not imagine I slept on standing at road side waiting for the brief reunion of oldies. In addition, the gory dream almost do me believe I escaped the rapture. I could not really disclose to anyone what happened within the short while I waited.All this while, mother was pleasant during their conversation, but not real out going as she usually is. Then afterward the lady left, I ask my mother who the lady was to have taken then such a lengthened time of discussion. She told me she could not remember her name, but she remembers her from a Parent Teacher Association see at my elementary school.At the meeting, several of the parents wanted to have fund raisers to help out with few of the expenses at my school which was beyond the calculation of tuition and miscellaneous fees. My mom remembers that this lady said she did not have time to do things like this.My mom said that she understands that all parents are busy but if several parents work together a lot could be accomplished. During the school year the lady would never help with any project or fundraising activities and my mom said that she did not think that was very refined of her.Well, at check out we saw the lady again standing in line and I walked up to her and spilled my guts about what my mom had said. Needless to say there were several other citizenry standing around when I told her my mom could not remember her name and how she was not a very nice lady. My mom wanted to disappear as people began to snicker which in turn made me spill my guts even more.It was really a wonderful but hilarious incident I bet I would never forget in my life. And I pray I live to declare sharing it with folks and friends.

Importance of Play for Children Aged Between 4 and 6 Essay

The vastness of hornswoggle for children between 4 and 6 Written by Tessa Batchelor Submitted to New Zealand College of Early Childhood Education 2011 This cusp outlines the importance of the present curriculum and reading for children whiled between 4 and 6 years. notional, imaginative and corporeal get together impart be foc expenditured on as well as the adults role in the promotion of summercater and the importance of a positive environs for blowout and learning. Included in this provide be examples of get together opportunities that link to Te Whariki and explain intended learning outgrowths.The information within this booklet is intended to be a resource for early childhood professionals. How Creative Play Can drive Learning Creative influence mint promote learning in several slipway. Three shipway this booklet leave alone focus on be cognitive infractment, exquisite motor skills and social development. cognitive skills between the ages of quad and s ix send word be true by dint of creative play. It is stated in Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001), that creative play involves children developing individual ideas in ways that atomic number 18 not immediately apparent.It is valuable for children to engage in task solving, resulting in the talent to take responsibility for their own learning (Smith, 1998). submersion can be developed by children engaging in creative play due to all-inclusive periods of focus on their chosen task. By the age of six children make believe gained the ability to concentrate on a task without having their attention diverted from ten minutes to longer periods of time. During a creative play activity children will often portray one object as another, which cultivates the use of their imagination (Beaver, et al, 2001).Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001) flesh out how creative play can promote learning in children by encouraging the use of fine motor skill s. Fine motor skills include small finger movements, manipulative skills and baseball mitt eye co ordination (Santrock, 2007). between the ages of tetrad and six fine motor skills are becoming well coordinated (Beaver, et al, 2001). Hand, arm, and fingers all move together under better command of the eye (Santrock, 2007, p. 187).An example of how creative play can help develop fine motor skills would be when a child is using a pencil to create a picture they are using a fine hold involving the alternate and fingers. This builds on their hand eye co ordination (Beaver, et al, 2001). Creative play also furthers social development. This involves associative play which includes other children joining in play together (Smith, 1998). Santrock (2007) explains that associative play gives children the hazard to play together in a social setting and in a creative extendion, with little to no organisation. Children make intermittent interactions and/or are involved in the same activity although their play remains personal (Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack, 2001, p. 368). Being involved in a creative activity promotes children sharing and taking turns. combat-ready in an activity within a social setting presents the probability to make and maintain friendships (Beaver, et al, 2001). Creative Play Opportunity for Four to Six Year Olds One creative play probability for four to six year olds is a play dough activity involving change materials.To set up this activity, leave equal amounts of play dough evenly across a table. This activity inevitably to be dictated in a resource area with access to various materials, including glass stones, bottle lids, ice clam up sticks, small wooden sticks, shells, material pieces, straws, feathers, and glitter. Incorporate a wide range of scissors and other implements such(prenominal) as cake containers, paper plates, paper muffin cases, play dough pizza cutters, rolling pins, variantly shaped biscuit cut ters and plastic cutting utensils.The children choose what materials they wish to include in the play prospect creating a free play environment. Although creative play should begin with an individual prospect of childrens ideas and get an open ended outcome, intended learning can still occur. Penrose (1998, p. 96) states creativity is a process and the expression is in the doing-not the result. The intended learning for this play prospect is problem solving, creative and imaginative skills, co ordination of eyes, hand, arm and body and geographic expedition. This play opportunity will promote the intended learning outcome by encouraging children to problem solve.This can occur because of the childrens chosen use of the varied materials and the bleak concepts that they create in relation to their choices. Because older children are already aware of the conventional uses for the materials imaginative ideas are necessary for the ability to portray one thing as another (Beaver, e t al, 2001). Hand eye co ordination and fine motor skills are promoted by this play opportunity due to the manipulative manner in which play dough is used (E. Salcin-Watts, Class Handout, August 5, 2010).Children are involved in exploration through comparisons in textures between the play dough and various materials. Somerset, 2000). Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack (2001) acknowledge that all children learn through play at their own level, thitherfore this play opportunity provides a wide range of materials. This is to batten down that the diverse needs in a root word of children are met. The play dough supplied should be adept to chew but discouraged due to the belief in m whatsoever cultures that playing with food is unacceptable. Distinguishing the divergency between using food substances for play dough and cooking is valuable for cultural sensitivity (Penrose, 1998).As the play dough is evenly distributed across the table, each child has equal opportunity t o be involved. This play opportunity links to Te Whariki through desert 3 Contribution, Goal 2. Children experience an environment where they are affirmed as individuals. Children develop a perception of themselves as capable of acquiring new interests and abilities (Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 68). By engaging in this play opportunity young children are helping their own interests and curiosity progress, they are becoming aware of what their strengths and abilities are (MoE, 1996).Strand 5, Exploration Goal 1 can also be linked to this play opportunity. Children experience an environment where their play is valued as meaningful learning and the importance of spontaneous play is recognized. Children develop the ability to make decisions, choose their own materials, and set their own problems. (Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 84). In this play opportunity young children have access to appropriate materials and are stimulated to deepen their problem solving skills. (MoE, 1996). Imaginative Play Imaginative play can promote learning in varied ways.In this booklet childrens learning of self expression, language development and social development will be discussed. Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack describe imagination as the ability to form mental images, or concepts of objects not present, or that do not exist (2001, p. 118). By participating in imaginative play children have the opportunity to begin expressing themselves and their interpretations of the world around them. Feelings of anxiety about unknown topographic tips can be alleviated by playacting out and exploring possible scenarios and outcomes in a familiar setting (Somerset, 2000).New characters or situations can be formed during imaginative play which encourages children to express themselves in unique ways (Beaver, et al, 2001). Role play accommodates for childrens sense of the world and creates a safe environment to explore their feelings (Beaver, et al, 2001). An importan t part of imaginary play is the dialogue that happens between children (Penrose, 1998). Imaginative play provides children with a means of communication with others and themselves. (Beaver, Brewster, Jones, Keene, Neaum and Tallack, 2001, p. 414). Symbolism is congenital in understanding language both orally and written.Older children display the ability to use symbolization when they no longer need the real thing and begin making their own props or improvising to act out their imaginary play (Penrose, 1998). When children watch the world around them language is a whopping part of what they observe. Somerset recognises that As a child grows, adult words to fit a situation are borrowed, practised and adopted. (2000, p. 63). Therefore whilst engaging in imaginary play language is being developed through phrases, words and conversations children have heard in their community. Imaginary play can encourage group activities, especially when engaging in role play.In dramatic play chi ldren take on a role and every child has their part to play (Penrose, 1988). Children between the ages of 4 and 6 have the ability to participate in c-operative play (Beaver, et al, 2001). kindly development is displayed in this age group through the use of co-operative play as children are playing for longer periods of time and are taking responsibility for their consorts needs and actions (Penrose, 1998 Beaver, et al, 2001). By partaking in co-operative imaginary play children can acquire the capability to problem solve, build on leadership skills and communicate in various ways in regards to turn taking (Penrose, 1998).Play opportunity for Imaginary play for 4-6 year olds An imaginary play opportunity for children aged between 4 and 6 is a family role play scenario. To set up this activity a family corner/area will need to be created. To create a family area you will need to ensure that the children have large space to move around and play together, that children have various materials accessible to them and that equipment imitates things children would see in the root word (Somerset, 2000). When providing equipment for the family area it is important to include common objects from other cultures also.For example having kete (Maori flax woven bags/baskets) for children to go shopping with. When providing range up equipment ensure there are a wide range of different jobs available. Children by the age of 4 will often have picked up on stereotypical gender roles, it is important to encourage children to act out a diverse range of roles. By choosing dress up clothing that is intimately put on it gives children the opportunity to involve themselves in the play regardless of ability (Beaver, et al, 2001).Intended learning for this play opportunity is social development, language development and communication through expressing ones self. Social development at the ages of 4 to 6 can consist of taking turns and taking responsibility of their peers actions (P enrose, 1998). In this play opportunity children will be required by their peers to cover roles and take turns with equipment. A family play situation promotes childrens ability to recognise the rules for behaviour they have experienced. This play opportunity creates a safe space to practice these rules.For example when a child is computer simulation to be a mother and disciplining their doll for breaking the rules set by the child (Smith, 1998). Smith explores this by stating They develop more and more complex rules and roles for themselves in dramatic play. (1998, pg. 18). Arthur, L. , Beecher, B. , Death, E. , Dockett, S. , Farmer, S. (as cited in Dockett, S. , Fleer, M. , 1999) show how this play opportunity relates to language development by stating When children engage in dramatic play, especially shared pretend play, there are many opportunities for language interaction. (2007, pg. 87).Children will use phrases heard in their home while acting out family situations, for e xample a repetitive phrase used by a mother could be time to snuggle down into bed which a child involved in this play opportunity could repeat to a doll or peer also involved (Penrose, 1998). Children involved in a family play opportunity can use this safe space to express themselves. This play opportunity is a safe way for children to explore their feelings as they can opt out of play at any time which consequently helps children to feel more comfortable and more able to explore their own emotions and express themselves (Beaver, et al, 2001).This family play opportunity entails all of the following Imaginative play helps children to practise adult roles and social relationships, to share each others experiences and to integrate various aspects of their own experiences, to inhibit conflict and to develop cooperation, to enhance verbal communication and to express emotion. (Smith, 1998, pg. 18). This play opportunity links to Te Whariki through the Communication shore and Contribu tion Strand. Te Whariki explains that an adults responsibility in practice is to provide a drama rich environment that extends childrens ifferent concepts, ideas and cultures. Strand 4 Communication, Goal 4 Children experience an environment where they discover and develop different ways to be creative and expressive. (MoE, 1996, pg. 80) shows that children can develop a familiarity with drama in which they express their feelings and moods, and explore situations and cultures (MoE, 1996). This play opportunity displays childrens chance to be expressive in regards to emotions and act out situations. Strand 3 Contribution, Goal 3 Children experience an environment where they are encouraged to learn with and alongside others. (MoE, 1996, pg. 0) shows that children can develop strategies and skills for initiating, maintain, and enjoying a relationship with other children including taking turns, problem solving, negotiating, taking anothers point of view, supporting others, and unders tanding other peoples attitudes and feelings in a variety of contexts (MoE, 1996, pg. 70). This play opportunity encompasses these strategies as children are participating in co-operative play in which they need to, for example, take turns with the dramatic play equipment (Beaver, et al, 2001). Physical Play Physical play can promote learning in several ways.The ways this booklet will focus on are gross motor skills and social and emotional development. By the age of 4 children are confident in climbing up and over large equipment. Between the ages of 4 and 6 children are developing agility and strength. These skills are important for such physical movements as jumping and climbing. Due to climbing children begin developing the ability to balance. Children between these ages are learning hand eye coordination due to new skills in catching, kicking and throwing balls (Beaver, et al, 2001). Arthur, L. , Beecher, B. , Death, E. , Dockett, S. , Farmer, S. ecognises that One of the fasc inating things about motor skills is that they develop with practice. (2007, pg. 81).Therefore through repetition children can learn skills involving gross motor skills. Once children are four years of age the speed of their running can be changed more conveniently and their physical talent is displayed through the ability to accomplish tasks such as long jumps while running, skipping or hopping. By achieving in physical activities children have their skills consolidated and consequently develop confidence in their physical aptitude.

Problems In Accessing Health Care Health And Social Care Essay

Nepal has made important advancement in cut downing infant mortality in the last few decennaries. The infant mortality rate in Nepal has dropped from 113 per k in 1987 to 48 per 1000 unrecorded fork ups in 2006. However this diminution is non tally to run into the Millennium Development Goal ( MDG-4 ) .One of the evidence for this is, the hap slight diminution in neonatal mortality rate ( NMR ) .The neonatal mortality accounts 69 per centum of IMR ( 33 in 48 ) .1 The MDG-4 pile non be met unless we do more to cut down neonatal fall outs, particularly in developing states in Africa and South Asia.2 Further betterment in infant fortitude is critically linked to improved neonate endurance.Each yr 4 million babes die in the four hebdomads of life the neonatal period. That is more than 10000 deceases a twenty-four hours. Most of these deceases be dwell and remain unsee subject to all. Virtually, 99 per centum of these deceases occur in developing countries.2Government health go ar non the chief contact points while they become sick. When nausea occurs, a scope of local watchfulness suppliers argon available. Choices are made within a web of traditional and allopathic options that besides encompasses sensed costs, geographical and climatic restraints, and the dress out of twenty-four hours, the quality of un health, cultural and spiritual concerns and opportunity. Seeking of medical aid is make notwithstanding after supplier shopping. Family patterns and behaviour drama a cardinal function in the assistance of immature. Inappropriate eating and other patterns predispose neonates to hazard of complications and delayed acknowledgment of un health and delayed wellness seeking may take to a potentially preventable decease. Hence it is of huge value to extrapolate connection perceptual experiences almost newborn wellness in order to invent behavioural renewal communicating schemes. immature mortality remains a serious job in the underdevelope d universe. either twelve month 30000 Nepali kids die before they are 28 yearss superannuated.The state with a NMR 33 per 1000 unrecorded births has the 3rd highest neonatal mortality in the universe 1 The hazard of decease in the neonatal period in developing parts of the universe is more than hexad time the hazard in developed regions.3 To day of the month, Child endurance programmes in the development universe comply tended to concentrate on Pneumonia, Diarrhoea, malaria and Vaccines preventable diseases, which chiefly causes deceases after the premier month of life. In add-on dependable maternity programmes have focused chiefly on the womanish parent. Prevention of newborn deceases has been lost in the midst of kid endurance and safe maternity programmes. 1, 2,Rationale for the travel alongThe pattern of appropriate wellness seeking has a extensive potency to cut down the pass alonging of terrible and dangerous newborn unwellnesss. Information on the wellness seekin g behavior helps the policy shapers set schemes to mitigate the mortality due to Newborn unwellnesss. However, no such(prenominal) surveies have been report from Nepal specially d wiz Dalit community.Newborns attention is one of the national precedence plans. Governments are deal downing to include newborn s implores in national wellness policies in conformity with the rule on the rights of the kid and other international committednesss. A few states are developing specific policies for newborn wellness for illustration, Nepal, had developed National Neonatal wellness Strategy ( 2004 ) , National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health- Long Term design ( 2006-2017 ) and Community Based Newborn Care Pack get along ( CBNCP ) 2008.Improved family patterns and customs of services, frequently at the community degree, will increase newborn endurance. Behaviour, that is, attention for or usage of services by female parents and neonates, is cardinal. Therefore, this survey has been desig ned to measure the determiners of wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness in Dalit community, which will be a utile piece of info for policy shapers to put schemes to diminish newborn morbidity and mortality. Besides, it will be utile for the research worker to place the factors related to newborn unwellness and attention seeking behavior of Dalit community and hence develop farther research in this country. The intent of this survey is to measure wellness seeking behavior of the female parents during newborn unwellness and to fall upon the consequence of socio- demographic, socio-cultural, economic and disease-related variables, on female parent s attention seeking behavior during newborn unwellness. The intent is to measure the grounds for preferred attention seeking behavior and female parents cognizance approximately danger marks of Newborns.Literature ReviewNewborn CareThe female parent should take her newborn babe to the nearest wellness attention installation ( SHP ) if the babe has/is, hapless eating or suction, hapless call, refusal to feed, stiffness of the organic structure, xanthous vilification of organic structure, fast external respiration, bluish babe ( bluish lips ) , discharge from the Umbilicus or eyes, resilient or cold babe on touch, being born overly early or excessively little at birth, grunting respiration, lassitude, diarrhea, etc.9About all believed in giving foremilks, although a few grandmas were against it, because they thought that it was old and stored milk, and therefore non good for the babe. Almost everyone believed in utilizing day-to-day addendums, H2O, or honey along with chest milk. very(prenominal) few female parents expressed cognition about sole breastfeeding nevertheless, they were concerned that they may non be able to pattern due to the contrary sentiment of the grandmothers.8Causes of Neonatal DeathEstimates from 2000 of the distribution of direct causes of decease indicate that preterm birth ( 28 per centum ) , terrible infections ( 36 per centum ) , including sepsis/pneumonia ( 26 per centum ) , tetanus ( 7 per centum ) , and diarrhea ( 3 per centum ) , and complications of asphyxia ( 23 per centum ) history for most neonatal deceases. Of the staying 14 per centum, 7 per centum of deceases were related to inborn abnormalcies 2Late neonatal deceases are chiefly due to infections. Case direction of neonatal infections is chiefly provided through child-health services, both in installations and through family-community attention. Remarkable advancement has been made in cut downing neonatal lockjaw, but elision is an unfinished planetary committedness, originally scheduled for 1995, so broadened to maternal and neonatal lockjaw and postponed to 2005.12 Neonatal lockjaw is now responsible for a little proportion of planetary neonatal deceases ( 6 per centum ) and is about tout ensemble a disease of the hapless. It is eminently preventable, but the universe looks set to lose t he riddance mark for a 2nd clip, while turn overing out much more expensive intercessions, such as classify of mother-to-child transmittal of HIV/AIDS. 2Problems in acces ripple wellness attentionOn being asked about health-care seeking, most felt that it was appropriate to first seek home-based redresss and so seek medical attending. If medical attending was required, they preferred to take the kid first to the unqualified small town practicians and so to government activity infirmaries. Reasons for non taking a ill babe to the authorities infirmary included distant location, long waiting lines, and impolite and indurate behavior of the staff. 8It is apt(predicate) that Behavioural alteration intercessions and communications preparation of wellness services forces could potentially better opportunities for endurance if they provide in neonates being seen quickly and serious unwellnesss being identified every bit early as possible. 9Newborn A National PriorityGovernment of Nep al developed a national newborn wellness scheme program to the twelvemonth 2017 through a advisory procedure, affecting representatives from diverse backgrounds e.g. , neonatology, safe maternity, and community mobilization. Although strong leaders are of import, the power of civil society, including the imperativeness, should non be ignored. Community authorization should be a basis of programme design.12 Involving and authorising communities-not obviously aiming them-seems to amplify the consequence of intercessions 12 and increases answerability of clinical attention suppliers.Dalit community province of exclusionDespite the best attempts of Plan Nepal to make them, many people within its programme countries have still non benefited. Those surveyed, peculiarly Terai Dalits rely about wholly on agribusiness. Unfair and exploitatory labor dealingss in the agribusiness sector contribute to the digesting want. more than 40 per centum of Madhesi Dalit families, in a province of pra ctical bondage, depend on local money loaners, normally rich husbandmans, to survive.13 There are Madhesi Dalits 4.7 per centum of entire population Literacy rate of Dalit adult females was 11 per centum and life foretelling of Dalit adult females was 42.14 Dalits are most excluded, partially due to their deficiency of consciousness and partially to caste-based favoritism. Dalits have the highest per centum of unmet demand of contraceptive method about 35 per centum and 2nd last entree to Antenatal attention ( 58 per centum ) .14 These are the factors that Mothers and their neonates remains most vulnerable. Among Terai Dalits, although about all went to a wellness station, the pattern of health- seeking behavior is really really hapless. They go to wellness stations for immunisation but are loath to become when they are sick.13Research AimsGeneral aim& A gt To place factors impacting wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellnesss in Dalit community of Sunsari territorySpecif ic aims& A gt To place socio demographic and socio cultural factors act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness.& A gt To research cognition of female parents act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness.& A gt To happen out wellness seeking pattern for newborn unwellness.& A gt To measure the handiness and handiness of wellness services act uponing the wellness seeking behavior for newborn unwellness.Operational DefinitionsHealth seeking behaviorBehavior of neonate s female parent who consulted for aid and intervention of newborn unwellness from authorities wellness installations and private hospitals/clinics was known as Health seeking behaviour.Dalit communityThe socially excluded group of people given the name as Dalits such as Mushahar, Chamar, Paswan, Tatma, Khatway, Bantar, Dom, Chidimar, Dhobi, Halkhor are considered as Dalit community, as mentioned in ( Caste/Ethnic Groupings, Planning Commission )Education of the female pa rentIt was outlined as figure of schooling twelvemonth completed by the female parent. It included nonreader who can non read and compose and literate who can read and compose with formal schooling. Among literate, they were categorized as aboriginal degree affirmation ( formal schooling up to standard five ) , secondary degree instruction ( formal schooling up to standard 10 ) and above secondary.Income position of the householdIt was categorized on the foot of adequateness of the household s income to feed their household. There were four class of income position such as Daily earning and day-to-day disbursal that has to gain day-to-day for day-to-day nutrient Adequate for one-three months whose annual income was equal for one to three months to feed their household? Adequate for four to six months, households that had income adequate for four to six months to feed their household. Adequate for seven to twelve months, households that had income adequate for seven to twelve mont hs to feed their household.Knowledge of female parents sing symptoms of unwellnessKnowledge of the female parent was measured in footings of the figure of the right reply of marks and symptoms as reported by respondent and categorized it as hapless cognition, mean cognition and first-class cognition.MotherMother retentiveness kids less than 6 month of age of the Inaruwa Ilaka, Sunsari. However the inquiry was asked to the female parent about the first month of her baby.Percept on behavior of wellness workersThe old experience of female parents with the behavior of the wellness worker.Use of surplus servicesIt refers to the cognition about the handiness of free wellness services at Government wellness Institution, addition in the figure of visit by female parent of neonate from Dalit community after deduction of free services and the perceptual experience of service hr.Percept on service HourPercept of wellness installation gap clip which is really frequently 10am to 2pm.Appropriat e attentionCare sought from qualified medical professionals in authorities wellness installations and private hospitals/clinics.Inappropriate attentionOther type of attention such as buying medical specialties from pharmaceutics, place redresss, sing pharmaceuticss, temples and traditional therapists was defined as inappropriate attention.Prompt attentionAny type of attention that was sought/given within 24 hours from the acknowledgment of the unwellnessConceptual modelReligionEducationAgeOccupation economical StatusNew Born Baby Care PracticeKnowledge of Mothers Regarding Symptoms of IllnessSocio Demographic and Socio CulturalNo. of New Born BabyAware of handiness of wellness serviceHealth Seeking Behavior for Newborn IllnessTransportation systemAccessibility of Health ServiceHousehold Decision MakerUse of free serviceMethodologyStudy DesignA descriptive and cross-sectional survey designStudy AreaThe survey will carry on in Inaruwa Ilaka of Sunsari regularize. The territory and In aruwa Ilaka will be purposively selected for the survey. Sunsari territory is one of the eastern territories of Nepal consists of 15 Ilaka, 49 VDC and 3 Municipality.III. entropy aggregation technique Direct interview with female parents of babies.IV. Data aggregation tools Pre tested structured and cheat structured questionnaires will be used for direct interviewSampling frameEntire female parents holding kids less than 6 months of age of Inaruwa Illka from Dalits such as Mushahar, Chamar, Paswan, Tatma, Khatway, Bantar, Dom, Chidimar, Dhobi, Halkor are the sampling frame.Sampling DesignSimple Random Sampling strain sizeThe entire no of Dalit female parents ( 150 ) holding kids less than 6 months of age from the choice countries are the sample size.Ethical ConsiderationsData will be collected merely after blessing from Research Committee, School of Public Health ( SRM University ) after taken permission from District Health Office, Inaruwa Municipality and Village Development Com mittee.Consent of the caput of the household or Husband of the respondent and the consent of the respondent will be taken prior to roll up informations.The information collect in the survey is merely usage for the survey purposes no individualized information will be exposed.Restriction of the surveyMerely one Ilaka will be taken as the survey country and merely Dalit population are the survey population therefore the consequence may non be generalized to the big population. To obtain such information big graduated table survey is necessary.Bias ReductionChoice Bias MinimizeRandomizationInformation Bias MinimizeStructural InquirersConfusing Variable DecreaseMothers Having Baby less than 6 months of ageTime LineS.NActivities1st Week2nd Week3rd Week4th hebdomad1Sample Selection, Rapport Building and Data aggregation2Data prayer3Data Collection Data Compilation and Data Entry4Dada Analysis and Report Writing